Discharge Teaching

Subject: Midwifery III (Theory)

Overview

Nutrition for the mother, genital general hygiene, breast care/perineal care, rest, sleep, and activity, family planning, baby care, and danger signs of mother and baby are all covered in discharge education. It is one of the most basic human needs, especially for lactating mothers.Without nutrition, the mother will lack energy and will have less milk secretion, so she should eat highly nutritious foods and soups high in protein and carbohydrates, such as jawno ko soup, meat soup, dal, and so on.As lochia drainage occurs, vulval care and daily bathing are advised.Cleanliness allows her to recharge her batteries and reactivate her desire to care for others. Until 40/60 days after delivery, the mother should sleep for 10 hours at night and 1/2 hours in the afternoon.She can do light housework such as cooking, cleaning, and washing the baby's clothes. Recommend to the mother that her baby be immunized to protect him or her from various diseases. Vaccines such as DPT, BCG, hepatitis B, measles, POLIO, and others protect babies from infections and diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, and measles. These services are available for a fee in health clinics and hospitals.

Discharge teaching

Health teaching

Nutrition for mother

It is one of the most basic needs of everyone, but especially of lactating mothers. Without nutrition, the mother lacks energy and decreases milk secretion, so she should eat highly nutritious foods and soups high in protein and carbohydrate, such as jawno ko soup, meat soup, dal, and so on. The woman, husband, and family should provide advice.

  • Consume at least two servings of staple foods per day to meet the additional 300-500 calories.
  • Consume at least three more servings of calcium-rich foods.
  • Drink at least 8 glasses of water per day.
  • Include a variety of fluids such as milk, water, juices, soup, and so on.
  • If you are unable to consume large amounts of food, eat smaller, more frequent meals.
  • Avoid alcohol and tobacco, both of which can reduce milk production.
  • Follow the directions on the micronutrient supplement.
  • Assure the woman that she can eat any normal foods without harming the breastfed baby.

Genital / General Hygiene

To prevent infection, maternal and neonatal personal hygiene should be maintained. As lochia drainage occurs, vulval care and daily bathing should be performed. Cleanliness allows her to recharge and reactivate her energy to caring for others.

During the postpartum period, a woman may be more susceptible to infection and should be extra cautious about practicing good genital hygiene. It contains the following elements:

  • Maintain as much cleanliness and dryness as possible in the valve and vaginal area.
  • Before and after washing the genitalia, wash your hands.
  • Use a clean cloth to wash and a different cloth to dry the genital areas.
  • After urination and defection, wash the genital area with soap and water.
  • wash/wipe genital from front to back, beginning with valve and ending with anus change perianal pads or cloths at least 6 times per day during the first week and at least twice per day after that wear cotton underpants that are comfortable and loose fitting clothing. Avoid wearing nylon underwear.
  • For at least two weeks after birth, or until there is no longer any lochia rubra or serosa, avoid douching, having sex, inserting tampons, or inserting anything else into the vagina.

Breast care / Perineal care

  • Breastfeed at least every 2/3 hours and on demand to avoid breast engorgement, and use both breasts at each feeding.
  • Wear cotton brassier or a breast binder that is supportive but not constricting.
  • Maintain clean and dry nipples.
  • Only use a clean cloth and warm water to clean your nipples; do not use soap. No more than once a day should you wash your hands.
  • To prevent cracked nipples, after breastfeeding or washing nipples, leave some breast milk on the nipple and allow it to dry by exposing it to air.
  • To avoid local and ascending perineal infection, keep the genital area clean by washing/ wiping it from front to back, beginning with the valve and ending with the anus. Change perianal pads or clothes at least 6 times per day for the first week.

Rest, Sleep and Activity

Until 40-60 days after delivery, the mother should get 10 hours of sleep at night and 1-2 hours in the afternoon. She can do light housework such as cooking, cleaning, and washing the baby's clothes. Heavy lifting and working should be avoided during puerperium because it increases the risk of uterine prolapse.

  • The woman requires plenty of rest to allow her body to heal after giving birth. Adequate rest will assist the woman in regaining her strength and recovering faster.

  • Breastfeeding women require sleep during the day because breastfeeding disrupts their sleep at night. Recommend that she take periodic breaks during the day while the baby is sleeping.

  • Individuals have different perspectives on their jobs. Women in Nepal have traditionally been advised to wait 6/8 weeks before returning to work. advise the woman to begin her usual work gradually and to monitor her body for signs of overexertion.

Family Planning

  • introduce or counsel the woman on the concept of birth spacing and family planning counsel to space for at least 3 years in between two pregnancies for the benefit of mother and baby some women can ovulate and even become pregnant as early as 35 days after childbirth so advise woman to use appropriate family planning devices or method advise woman on exclusive breastfeeding to active lactation amenorrhea method (LAM)
  • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, such as LAM and condom dual protection.
  • Provide comprehensive information on family planning devices

Care of Baby

  • Feeding

The very first feed is provided as soon as it is possible, and usually within a few hours. The infant may suck the breast for only 4 to 5 minutes during this period of colostrum secretion. He may take seven or eight short feeds in the early days, with the sucking time gradually increasing. The amount of milk given to the baby is gradually increased based on how much he drinks.

  • Protection from infection

Hand washing before and after handling the baby is essential because newborn babies are weak and have low immunity power, so handwashing with soap water or betadine solution is essential to prevent cross-infection babies. 

If the baby's skin's integrity and pH balance are maintained, it acts as an infection barrier. The woman can provide appropriate skincare by applying her knowledge of the physiology of neonatal skin.

  • Prevention of accident

Babies must be protected from falls, suffocation, choking, injuries, and other mishaps. To avoid choking and aspiration, the baby should be kept in a prone or lateral position after feeding. The baby's face should not be covered while sleeping, and clothing should not be too tight to prevent suffocation. To avoid fall injuries, the baby should not be left alone and should not sleep at a height from the surface.

  • Warmth

Warmth is essential until the infant has recovered from birth and is eating. Heat loss through evaporation, particularly from the baby's head at birth, should be avoided. The temperature in the room should be between 21.1°C and 23.8°C, and the cot clothing should be light but warm.A second blanket should be provided for the baby.

  • Cleanliness

The most important factor is cleanliness. Eyecare, umbilical cord care, skincare, genital care, and so on are all necessary to keep a baby healthy and free of infection. Avoiding friction against hard fabrics or soiled or wet clothing, as well as minimizing skin contact with irritants such as gastric contents, urine, and stools, promotes skin integrity. If the eye is sticky, it should be washed twice a day with sterile water. Inform the mother that the cod should not be wrapped in a baby napkin where it could be contaminated by urine or face.

  • Immunization

Highly suggest to the mother that her baby be immunized to help protect him or her from various diseases. Vaccines such as DPT, BCG, hepatitis B, measles, POLIO, and others protect babies from infection and diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, and measles. These services are available at a cost in health clinics and hospitals.

Danger signs of mother and baby

Danger sign of mother

  • More than two pads soaked in 30 minutes for heavy vaginal bleeding
  • Seizures/loss of consciousness
  • Unpleasant odors 
  • Fever
  • Extensive headache
  • Formation of a blood clot
  • Perineum swelling and pain

Danger signs of newborn

  • Not sucking very well
  • Rapid breathing
  • Intense chest indrawing
  • Grunting
  • Fever
  • Feeling unusually warm
  • Yellow color
  • Weak or non-existent cry
  • A large abscess or a number of pustules on the skin
  • Drowsy or unconscious
  • Red and swollen eyelids, as well as push discharge
  • Swelling, redness, pus, or a foul odor around the cord or umbilicus, or spreading to the surrounding skin
  • Movement only when stimulated, lack of movement even when stimulated, or difficulty waking up
  • Vomiting 
Things to remember
  • Nutrition for the mother, genital / general hygiene, breast care / perineal care, rest, sleep, and activity, family planning, baby care, and danger signs of mother and baby are all covered in discharge education.
     
  • It is one of the most basic human needs, especially for lactating mothers.
     
  • Without nutrition, the mother will lack energy and will have less milk secretion, so she should eat highly nutritious foods and soups high in protein and carbohydrates, such as jawno ko soup, meat soup, dal, and so on.
     
  • As lochia drainage occurs, vulval care and daily bathing are advised.
  • Cleanliness allows her to recharge her batteries and reactivate her desire to care for others. Until 40/60 days after delivery, the mother should sleep for 10 hours at night and 1-2 hours in the afternoon.

  • She can do light housework such as cooking, cleaning, and washing the baby's clothes. 

  • Recommend to the mother that her baby be immunized to protect him or her from various diseases. Vaccines such as DPT, BCG, hepatitis B, measles, POLIO, and others protect babies from infections and diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, and measles. These services are available for a fee in health clinics and hospitals.

Questions and Answers

Health teaching

  • Nutrition for mother
    It is one of everyone's most fundamental needs, but particularly that of nursing mothers. Mothers should consume highly nutritious foods and soups high in protein and carbohydrates, such as dal, meat soup, and jawno ko soup, as lacking in nutrition will prevent the mother from gaining energy and will reduce the amount of milk secreted. The wife, husband, and family should seek advice;
    • Consume at least two servings of basic foods each day to meet the additional 300–500 calories.
    • Consume an additional three servings of foods high in calcium.
    • Each day, consume at least 8 glasses of water.
    • Include different fluids such milk, water, juices, soup, etc.
    • If you are unable to eat huge meals, take smaller, more frequent ones.
    • Stay away from alcohol and smoke as these can reduce milk production.
    • As indicated, consume a micronutrient supplement.
    • Reassure the woman that she can consume any typical foods without endangering the nursing infant.
  • Genital / general hygiene
    To avoid infection, maternal and neonatal personal hygiene should be maintained. As lochia drainage happens, vulval care and regular bathing should be done. She can recharge and reactivate her compassion when things are clean. The woman should take extra care to practice good genital hygiene during the postpartum period because she may be more susceptible to infection. It contains;
    • As much as you can, keep the vagina and valve clean and dry.
    • Before and after cleaning the genitalia, wash your hands.
    • To clean and dry the genital areas, use two clean cloths.
    • Following urinating and defection, cleanse the genital area with soap and water.
    • Wear cotton underpants that are comfortable and loose-fitting and wash/ wipe your genitalia from front to back, beginning at the valve and ending at the anus. During the first week, you should do this at least six times each day. After that, you should do it at least twice per day. Don't wear nylon underwear.
    • Avoid doinguching, engaging in sexual activity, putting tampons in vagina, or doing anything else until at least two weeks after delivery or until there is no longer any lochia rubra.
  • Breast care / perineal care
    • Breastfeed at least every two to three hours, on demand, and utilize both breasts during each feeding to prevent breast engorgement.
    • Wear a supporting but not constrictive cotton brassier or breast binder.
    • Keep the nipples dry and clean.
    • Use just warm water and a clean cloth to clean your nipples; do not use soap. Wash no more than once per day
    • To avoid cracked nipples after breastfeeding or cleaning them, keep some breast milk on them and let them dry by exposing them to air.
    • To prevent local and ascending infection of perineal stay clean always\swash/ wipe genital from front to back , starting with valve and ending into anus
  • Rest, sleep and activity
    • Up to 40–60 days before delivery, the mother should get 10 hours of sleep at night and 1-2 hours in the afternoon. She can handle simple tasks like cooking, cleaning, washing, and caring for the baby's clothes on her own. Because it increases the risk of uterine prolapse, excessive lifting and working should be avoided throughout pregnancy.
    • To promote recovery after giving birth, the lady needs plenty of sleep. The woman will recover more rapidly and restore her strength if she gets enough sleep.
    • Because breastfeeding interrupts a woman's sleep at night, she also needs to sleep during the day. Encourage her to take regular breaks from work during the day when the baby is asleep.
    • Individuals have different perspectives on the job. Women in Nepal have always been counseled to postpone going back to work for 6-8 weeks. Woman is advised to begin regular work gradually and monitor her body for signs of overexertion.
  • Family planning
    • Either acquaint or advise the woman birth-spacing theory and family planning
    • Advise spacing out pregnancies by at least 3 years for the benefit of both mother and child.
    • Use of proper family planning methods or devices is advised because some women can ovulate and even become pregnant as soon as 35 days after giving birth.
    • Giving a woman advice on active lactation amenorrhea versus exclusively breastfeeding (LAM)
    • Discuss the advantages and drawbacks of various techniques, such as LAM and dual protection with condoms.
    • Give specific information about family planning tools.
  • Care of baby
    • Feeding
      As soon as possible and within a few hours following delivery, the first feed is delivered. The newborn can only breastfeed for four to five minutes throughout this colostrum secretion time. In the beginning, he might consume seven or eight small feedings, with daily increases in the sucking time. Depending on how much milk the infant consumes, the amount is gradually increased.
    • Protection from infection
      Hand cleaning with soap and water or betadine solution is necessary both before and after handling a newborn baby because these little ones are fragile and have low immune systems. As long as its integrity and pH balance are preserved, infant skin serves as a barrier to infection. The lady can use the proper skin care by applying her understanding of the physiology of neonatal skin.
    • Prevention of accident
      Babies must be guarded against falls, asphyxia, choking, injuries, and other mishaps. After feeding, the infant should remain in a prone or lateral posture to prevent aspiration and choking. When a baby is sleeping, the face shouldn't be covered and the clothing shouldn't be too tight to prevent suffocation. To avoid injuries from falls, babies shouldn't be left alone and shouldn't sleep too high off the ground.
    • Warmth
      Up until the baby has recovered from the birth and is taking nourishment, warmth is really required. Avoid losing heat through evaporation, especially from the newborn's head. The temperature in the room should be between 21.1°C and 23.8°C, and the cot should wear light, warm clothing. The infant should be given a second blanket.
    • Cleanliness
      What matters most is cleanliness. To keep a baby healthy and free from infection, it's important to take care of their eyes, umbilical cord, skin, and genitalia, among other things. Avoiding touch with rough, slippery, or damp clothing as well as reducing skin contact time with irritants including faeces, urine, and gastric contents will help to maintain skin integrity. If the eye is sticky, clean it with sterile water twice daily. Remind the mother to keep the cod out of the baby napkin to avoid possible contamination from faces or pee.
    • Immunization
      Encourage the mother to vaccinate her child to prevent it from numerous diseases. The vaccines that protect infants from infections and diseases like tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, measles, and others include DPT, BCG, hepatitis B, measles, and POLIO. These services are available in hospitals and health facilities for a fee.

Danger signs of mother and baby

  • Danger sign of mother
    • More than two saturated pads of heavy vaginal bleeding in 30 minutes
    • Unconsciousness or convulsions
    • Unpleasant odor
    • Fever
    • Terrible headache
    • Hematoma development
    • Perineal swelling and pain
  • Danger signs of newborn
    • Not doing so well
    • Rapid respiration
    • Significant chest indrawing
    • Grunting\sFever
    • Experiencing unusual warmth
    • Color yellow
    • Sluggish or absent cry
    • Large abscess or many cutaneous pustules
    • Sluggish or unresponsive
    • Red, puffy, and discharge-pushing eyes
    • Around the umbilicus or cord, or that extends to the surrounding skin, swelling, redness, pus, or an offensive odor
    • Only moving when stimulated, not moving at all when stimulated, or hard to wake up
    • Vomiting constantly

 

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