Origin of Nepal, Nepal as sovereign country

Subject: Nepalese Society and Politics

Overview

The Old Indians were aware of Nepal. In ancient Indian literature, it was mentioned. The great Indian Emperor brought Buddhism to Nepal in the third century BC. Nepal communicated with China as well. However, the Nepalese were compelled to cooperate with the British in the 19th century. They fought a war between 1814 and 1816, and as a result, Nepal's current borders were established. The British army then hired Nepalese soldiers in 1860. In the meantime, Rang Bahadur took control and became prime minister in 1846. The kings of Nepal were only used as symbolic rulers after that. Finally, a new treaty was concluded between Britain and Nepal in 1923.

Note
Things to remember

Origin of Nepal

Nepal's origins, which are situated between China, India, and Tibet, have a variety of history. It may astound many people how Nepal developed. Since Nepalese people come from a variety of castes and religions, they each have a unique perspective on Nepal's historical background. The Himalayas and Nepal's two modern-day neighbors, India and China, have provided clues about the origin of the country. Due to the influx of numerous people over the years, Nepal is today a multiethnic, multiracial, multicultural, multireligious, and multilingual nation. After being reunited under the Shah empire, Nepal was divided into three kingdoms from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The most widely used and considered national language in Nepal is Nepali. Through the efforts of the Nepalese people, democracy was created in Nepal in the 20th century. The nation experienced civil unrest from the 1990s through 2008. Elections were held in 2008, the same year that a peace accord was signed. The Nepalese parliament decided to overthrow the monarchy in the June 2008 elections for the constituent assembly. The Himalayan nation of Nepal was officially renamed the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal after it was officially recognized as a federal republic. The Himalayan nation's location between its two neighbors, China and India, also had an impact. According to mythology, an ancient God once descended from the heavens. At that time, the Himalayas encircled the nation of Nepal on all sides. The Kathmandu valley was created as a result of the earth's surface being torn apart by the gods using their sword to create a hollow. Living in Nepal are a great number of individuals from different regions of Asia. People have been residing in Nepal since since.

Nepal, http://supnepal.blogspot.com/2011/02/origin-of-nepal.html

In a different situation, initially Nepal was not divided, and as a result, it was divided into numerous cities and resembled a state. Nepal was created when the valiant Prithivi Narayan Shah united the country into one. The late king Prithivi Narayan Shah conquered all the cities in Nepal and brought them together to form a unified country. Three lovely cities existed in Nepal: Kantipur, now known as Kathmandu, Bhadgau, also known as Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur. These were lovely cities in Nepal, and King Prithvi Narayan Shah exerted great effort to maintain authority over each one. The current Nepal has united into a single nation. "Nepal is a wonderful country made of 4 Varnas and 36 castes," are his wise comments. Nepal was divided into more than 50 tiny principalities following the death of his father Nara Bhupal Shah in 1743 (1799 BS), while Prithivi Narayan Shah was king of Gorkha. The little realm of Gorkha was enlarged into the vast Kingdom by Prithvi Narayan Shah and his warriors. The region was expanded from the Sutlej River in the west to the Tista River in the east during the reign of Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa, in 1810. However, many of the European nations were still unaware of Nepal's existence.

Sugauli Treaty

The Sugauli Treaty of 1816 AD gave birth to Nepal's independence. As the king of Nepal did not wish to interfere with the king of Sikkim's ownership of his territory, the treaty of Nepal stipulates this. When any disputes between Nepal and Sikkim develop, the East India Company's arbitration must be referred to. Without the consent of the British Government, the Nepalese king had no authority to enter into his service in any affair or subject pertaining to the British, nor to any nation of any European or American State. The agreement that authorized Ministers from each shall have to reside at the court between the two countries was made in order to secure and improve the connections of amity and peace that were established between Nepal and the East India Company. The degree of Nepal's independence is directly correlated with the treaty. According to the East India Company's arbitration, Nepal is a country inside the British Empire that enjoys a degree of semi-independence. Nepal's foreign policy is not as expansive as stated above.

Nepalese-British relations before the treaty of 1923

Following the Anglo-Nepalese War, relations between Nepal and the East India Company were tranquil. The friendship between these two nations suffered under Jag Bahadur Rana's rule. Nepal was in the East India Company's good graces at the time of the Mutiny of 1857. Following the Mutiny, Nepal regained control of various Terai territories, including Banke, the Bardiya District, Kailali, and Kanchanpur in the western Terai. Nepal aided the British in the First World War. Nepal and Britain's relationship was at its height before and after the treaty.

After learning about the limitations the Sugauli Treaty placed on Nepal's foreign policy, the Prime Minister of Nepal, Chandra Shamsher, once more signed a treaty with Britain for the acknowledgment of Nepal's independence. He wished for Nepal to be acknowledged as a fully sovereign state. Chandra Shumsher wanted to negotiate a new peace treaty between Nepal and Britain with the Prince of Wales, who would later become King Edward VIII, when he visited Kathmandu in 1921. Before the final treaty was signed on December 21, 1923, in Singh Durbar Kathmandu, it was discussed for more than a year in Kathmandu, Delhi, and London.

Terms of the Treaty

The 1923 Nepal Britain Treaty's provisions include:

There will always be peace, friendship, and respect between Nepal and Britain, as well as their internal and external independence.
All previous treaties, accords, and engagements that have been reached between the two Governments—including the Sugauli Treaty of 1815—are basically revoked by this Treaty, though they may still be impacted.
The High Contracting Parties hereby agree to inform each other of any rupture in their friendly relations and to use their good offices to the greatest extent possible to resolve any ensuing conflict or misunderstanding. This is done in the region where their territories border each other's common frontiers.
Each of the High Contracting Parties will take whatever steps are necessary to stop its territories from being utilized for purposes that endanger the security of the other.

Effects of the treaty

This above pact was the first agreement between Britain and Nepal that was noted in the League of Nations. The treaty made Nepal's position in the world obvious. Through such a treaty, the independent and sovereign nation was established; this treaty was also regarded as the first one between Nepal and Britain to be terminated through mutual negotiation between the two countries. The main accomplishment or growth of Nepal throughout its history has been the preservation of its independence and the elevation of its standing among other countries. Most people who studied Nepal's history in the past believed that the Rana rule achieved a treaty. The British delegate, who was also known as Resident, was given the title of Envoy at that time.

References

En.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Nepal

Flippo, Edwin B. Personnel Management. London: Oxford Press, 1980.

Gynwal, Ram Prasad. Know Nepal. Kathmandu: Bhundipuran Prakashan, 2012.

Hamilton, Francis B. An Account of the Kingdom of Nepal. New Delhi: Manjushri Publishing House, 1971.

Heywood, Andrew. Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Supnepal.blogspot.com/2011/02/origin-of-nepal.html

Things to remember

Numerous historical accounts of Nepal's origins, which are situated between China, India, and Tibet, may astound some people. Since Nepalese people come from a variety of castes and religions, they each have a unique perspective on Nepal's historical background. The Himalayas and Nepal's two modern-day neighbors, India and China, have provided clues as to its origins.
Without the consent of the British Government, the Nepalese king had no authority to enter into his service in any affair or subject pertaining to the British, nor to any nation of any European or American State. The agreement that was struck between Nepal and the East India Company was for the purpose of securing and enhancing the relations of amity and peace that had been created.
Between Nepal and Britain, there will always be peace, friendship, and respect along with internal and exterior independence.
Each of the High Contracting Parties will take whatever steps are necessary to stop its territories from being utilized for purposes that endanger the security of the other.