Hypertension

High blood pressure (HBP), sometimes referred to as hypertension (HTN or HT), is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is consistently increased. Symptoms of high blood pressure are uncommon. The risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, eyesight loss, and chronic kidney disease are all significantly increased by long-term high blood pressure. Systolic and diastolic pressures, which represent the maximum and minimum pressures, respectively, are the two metrics used to express blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure should be between 100 and 140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and diastolic pressure should be between 60 and 90 mmHg. For the majority of adults, high blood pressure is present when the resting blood pressure is consistently at or higher than 140/90 mmHg.

Causes

• Smoking,
• Being overweight,
• Having diabetes,
• Not exercising enough,
• Not getting enough vitamin D,
• Being stressed out,
• Taking birth control pills, 
• Having CKD.

Symptoms

• A severe headache,
• Exhaustion,
• Confusion,
• Vertigo,
• Nausea,
• Chest aches,
• Eyesight issues,
• Breathing issues
• Abnormal heartbeat,
• Pee with blood.

Diagnosis

• History study
• Monitoring BP
• A blood test
• Test of urine
• Chest x-ray, ECG, and EKG

Management

• Altering one's way of life
• Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary adjustments, exercise, and weight loss, are the primary line of treatment for hypertension.
• The DASH diet, vegetarian diets, high potassium diets, and low sodium diets have all been demonstrated to lower blood pressure.
• Exercise programs like isometric resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and device-guided breathing have all been shown to lower blood pressure.
• Transcendental meditation and other stress-reduction methods like biofeedback may be used in conjunction with other treatments to lower blood pressure, but there is no proof that they can prevent cardiovascular disease on their own.

Medications

• Thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers are among the first-line treatments for hypertension.

Nursing Management

• Using a cuff and the correct methods for measuring blood pressure, check and measure the blood pressure in both hands.
• Auscultation of heartbeat and breath noises. Keep an eye on the capillary refill time, temperature, wetness, and skin tone.
• Take notice of the existence and nature of the central and peripheral pulses.
• Maintain limitations on activities like resting in a chair or bed.
• As required, assist with self-care activities.
• Reduce activity and provide a comfortable, soothing, and quiet setting. Observe the edema all throughout.
• Observe how your body is responding to blood pressure medication. As directed, limit your sodium intake and liquids intake.
• Collaboration between doctors in the provision of the necessary medications.
• Keep patients in bed rest and elevate their heads.
• When being admitted, check your blood pressure in both arms while sitting or sleeping, and if accessible, use an arterial pressure monitor.
• Measure the discharge and input.
• Pay attention to the sudden hypotension.
• Ambulance within your means and steer clear of patient tiredness.
• Observe your electrolytes and creatinine levels as directed by your doctor.
• According to physician instructions, continue taking your medications and drinks.