Scope of Nursing Outside the Hospital

Scope of Nursing Outside the Hospital

The profession of nursing is charged with providing ongoing care for the ill, the injured, the disabled, and the terminally ill. In addition to this presumption, nursing is accountable for promoting people's health in institutional and community settings. Nurses can utilize their clinical knowledge and experience in a variety of non-clinical contexts, which explains how they can practice outside of hospitals, which have many diverse practice areas. A nurse must have current theoretical and practical knowledge and abilities in order to practice their job effectively in the clinical setting as well as in the community and in other settings. She is in charge of the promotion and preservation of health as well as the prevention of diseases. As a result, nurses are not just limited to the hospital but also have a vast area of practice outside the building.

Nurses have demonstrated that they are qualified to offer their services in the public areas or communities listed below

MCH/FP(Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning)

The government of Nepal continues to place a high premium on maternity and child health as well as family planning in order to lower fertility, improve maternal and neonatal health, and increase child survival. Maternal and child health (MCH) is the term used to describe the promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of mothers and children's health. The main goals of MCH are to:

• Reduce the rates of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.
• Encourage good reproductive health
• Encourage the growth of the child's physical and mental abilities.

The health of women throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period is known as maternal health. Pregnancy and childbirth problems are the major causes of death for women of reproductive age in many developing nations. Child health is the state of being healthy from the time of conception till the child turns 18 years old (which includes prenatal period, preterm, full term, neonates, post neonatal period, perinatal period, infant, preschool, school age and child below 18 years).

School Health

A school health program is a collection of organized, sequential, school-affiliated activities and services that support children' complete physical, emotional, social, and academic growth. Children often refer to school as their second home. They learn a variety of skills and grow up while spending the majority of their time in school. School nurses bridge the gap between the family, the community, and education by combining their expertise in these areas. They want to

• Enhance children's wellbeing and health.
• Encourage young people to adopt healthy lifestyle choices so they can realize their full potential.
• Offer sources of information, advice, and education on health.
• Encourage and assist schools with their public health initiatives, such as programs to help people quit smoking and eat healthier.
• Coordination of services and protection.
• Work closely with general practitioners, health visitors, and other medical professionals to provide guidance on common childhood illnesses like diabetes, eczema, and asthma.

A school nurse thereby integrates both health and academic objectives.

Public Health Nursing Service

A community nurse or public health nurse works to improve the area's general health. Their most frequent places of employment are schools, occupational health facilities, and national or state departments of health or public health. The community nurse is concerned with promoting health, preventing disease and disability, and providing various levels of care to individuals, families, population groups, and communities. Public health nurses are concerned with the overall health of entire communities. The goal of public health nurses is to

• Enhancing the general health of a certain area.
• Reducing or eradicating health or safety issues within the community through encouraging access to care and educating people about these issues.
• Instead of offering healthcare services after illnesses and diseases manifest, preventative medicine helps populations improve their health and ward against disease.
• Delivering screening services and preventive care with direct health care services to people who lack access to care
• Providing vaccinations and concentrating on STD prevention
• Tracking health trends and identifying risk factors particular to a given group or demographic
• Organizing and arranging interventions connected to health
• Advocating for better or more accessible healthcare for underprivileged populations with local or state authorities.
• Creating and carrying out projects and activities aimed at preventing disease.
• Providing vulnerable and underprivileged populations with direct healthcare services.

Health education is the main area of concentration for public health nurses. They are therefore in charge of disseminating trustworthy information on health protection to communities.

Home Based Care-Nursing Home

Home care is a specialized area of nursing practice where a professionally qualified and licensed nurse offers care in the client's home for a range of health conditions, including.

• Being discharged from the hospital following major surgery or injuries.
• Chronic illness that is becoming worse and needs extensive care.
• Having persistent health problems.
  • Nurses that provide home care services
    • Palliative care, intravenous therapy, or wound care.
    • Health instruction on chronic illnesses and healthy lifestyles.
    • Referrals to other neighborhood services.
    • Information on self-care to enable independent living.
    • Education to improve the capacity of friends and family to offer care.

Home care nurses can assist in obtaining a variety of services but do not actually offer them.

• House cleaning on laundry
• Grocery shopping
• Rehabilitation equipment/aids.

Domiciliary Nursing Services

The Latin word "domus," which meaning "house," is where the word "domiciliary" comes from. Domiciliary care, or home care as it is commonly known, is therefore supporting care offered in the home. Domestic nurses are accountable for

• To enable the fulfillment of the activities of daily living, providing medical care and everyday assistance.
• Give patients undergoing rehabilitation treatments while they recuperate from surgery or sickness.
• Give maternity care services (antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care)

Adults, elderly, and children who are recovering from a hospital visit or require additional support can stay comfortably at home and avoid needless hospitalization with the aid of domiciliary nursing services.

Family Planning Centers

Household planning is the practice of artificial contraception or voluntary sterilization to artificially regulate the number of children in a family and the intervals between their births. Family planning services are characterized as complete educational, medical, or social programs that give people the freedom to choose how many and how far apart to have children as well as the methods to do this. In a family planning center, a nurse's main responsibilities are to offer medical care, reassure clients, and deliver information regarding

• Birth spacing
• Sterility and fertility
• Planned parenthood
• Sex education
• Genetic counseling
• Birth preparedness
• Marriage counseling

Adoption assistance Nurses in family planning facilities should have this specialized training so they can

• Assist in the operative procedures.
• Refer the client for further treatment
• Provide individualized instructions on follow-up and special care.
• Record and report.

Rehabilitation Centers

The act of assisting someone who has experienced an illness or accident in regaining lost abilities and, in turn, regaining their highest degree of functional ability—physically, psychologically, and socially—is known as rehabilitation. After a disease, an accident, or surgery, rehabilitation enables patients to become more independent. Rehabilitation aids in restoring the person to their ideal level of health, functionality, and well-being but does not repair disease- or trauma-related damage. There are numerous rehabilitation facilities that handle diverse categories.

• Drug treatment facilities that offer medical or psychological care for addiction to psychoactive substances like alcohol, narcotics, and illicit drugs.
• Centers for physical rehabilitation that provide physiotherapy, prosthetic and orthopedic devices.
• After a mental illness, psychiatric rehabilitation focuses on regaining mental health and practical living skills.
• The treatment of criminal behavior or rehabilitation (Penology).

Additionally, nurses in rehabilitation facilities are concerned with counseling, giving clients psychological support, educating them about their health, and helping them restore their confidence.

Mental Health Nursing Services

A state of psychological well-being or the absence of mental illness is referred to as mental health. It is the psychological state of a person who is adjusting emotionally and behaviorally in a suitable way. An individual who is having mental health issues may feel stressed or depressed. relational issues, worry. Grief, addiction, intellectual limitations, mood problems, or other mild to severe mental illnesses. Treatments like therapy, counseling, or medication can assist manage mental illness, according to therapists, psychiatrists, and nurse practitioners. Nurses specializing in mental health offer assistance to patients with a variety of illnesses.

Ageing People Home/Centre (Geriatric center)

Gerontological or geriatric nursing is a subspecialty of nursing that focuses on caring for older adults. It is an art and science that is used to address the medical needs, difficulties, and issues of the aged. The type of facility a person should live in depends on their health, as older persons are more likely than younger adults to have one or more chronic health disorders like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, hearing problems, dementia, etc. The message from Nepal's current migratory patterns is that geriatric facilities are desperately needed to meet the needs of elderly couples, particularly in rural locations where they can receive additional care.