Gonorrhea

Subject: Community Health Nursing II

Overview

Gonorrhea, it's causes, transmission modes, risk factors, sign and symptoms and preventive measures.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted illness caused by the bacteria Neisseria Gonorrhea, often known as Gonococcus. It is sometimes referred to as "The Clap" or "The Drip." It is especially prevalent in young adults. Gongorrhea bacteria affect the vaginal tract, mouth, and anus. Bacteria are most commonly detected in vaginal discharge and fluids discharged from the penis.

Causes of Gonorrhea

  • The gonorrhea bacteria causes gonorrhea because it may readily grow and reproduce in the body's mucous membranes.
  • Gonorrhea bacteria thrive in the warm, moist parts of the female reproductive system such as the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tube, as well as the mouth, throat, and anus.

 

Incubation periods

It's Incubation Period is usually 2-14 days after exposure.

Risk factors of Gonorrhea

  • Multiple sex partner, young age
  • A new sexual companion
  • Previous gonorrhea history
  • Possession of another sexually transmitted infection

Mode of transmission of Gonorrhea

  • Direct sexual contact with an infected individual
  • After being infected at birth, neonates can acquire a gonococcal infection.

Signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea

  • In Men:
    • A discharge of pus from the penis (white, yellow or greenish)
    • Swelling or redness at the penile entrance.
    • Testicular swelling or discomfort
    • A lingering sore throat
  • In Women:
    • Discharge from the cervix (watery, creamy or slightly green)
    • Discomfort and burning feeling while peeing
    • Need to urinate more frequently
    • Heavier periods or spotting
    • Sore throat
    • Painful sex
    • Fever
    • Vulvitis

What does the Diagnosis include for Gonorrhea?

  • gram stain and culture
  • blood test and culture
  • polymerase chain reaction
  • swab sample from the urethra in men and from the cervix in female
  • throat/ anal swab to see infection
  • urine sample to check the presence of bacteria
  • screening of all women for gonococcal infection

 

How can we prevent Gonorrhea?

  • Using condoms correctly during intercourse.
  • Avoiding several sex partners or limiting the number of sex partners
  • Both couples get regular checkups and testing.
  • Use sexual abstinence or restrict sexual contact with uninfected partners.
  • If you suspect you have an STD, get medical attention right once.
  • Infected persons are advised to return to health clinics for follow-up care.
  • Proper education about sexual safety.

 

How can we manage Gonorrhea?

We can manage it by the following ways:

  • A clinically diagnosed or suspected individual should seek appropriate therapy.
  • Antibiotics
  • Perineal cleanliness is encouraged.
  • A urethral and cervical meatus swab is used for culture testing.

 

REFERENCES

  • Dr.Suwal S.N. & Tuitui R. (2063) A Textbook of Community Health Nursing, 1st edition, Vidyarthi Prakashan (P). Ltd. Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu
  • National Guidelines Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Nepal- Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population National Center for AIDS and STI Control, Kathmandu Nepal, April 2008
  • Mandal, G.N. Textbook of Adult Nursing. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2013.
  • WHO Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV infection in infants: Toward Universe Access: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach (2006)
  • Ambika Rai, Kabita Dahal. Community Health Nursing II. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2012 (reprint).
Things to remember
  • Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted illness caused by the bacteria Neisseria Gonorrhea, often known as Gonococcus.
  • It is sometimes referred to as "The Clap" or "The Drip." It is especially prevalent in young adults.
  • Gongorrhea bacteria affect the vaginal tract, mouth, and anus. Bacteria are most commonly detected in vaginal discharge and fluids discharged from the penis.
  • Incubation period: Symptoms often appear 2-14 days following exposure.
  • Direct contact with an infected individual, sex, and sexual contact After being infected at birth, neonates can acquire a gonococcal infection.
  • Male and female gonorrhea symptoms include swelling of the penis, discomfort in the testicles, and a chronic sore throat, among other things.
  • Gram stain and culture, blood test and culture, polymerase chain reaction, urethral swab in males and cervix swab in women, throat/anal swab to see infection, urine sample to check for germs, and screening of all women for gonococcal infection can all be used to diagnose it.
Questions and Answers

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhea, often known as gonococcus, is the bacteria that causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease. Other names for it include "The Clap" and "The Drip." Young adults are especially prone to it. The vaginal tract, mouth, and anus are all infected by the germs that cause gonorrhea. The germs are primarily detected in fluids that are expelled from the penis and during vaginal discharge.

Causes

  • The Neisseria bacteria is what causes gonorrhea.
  • It is easily able to spread throughout the body's mucous membranes and proliferate. In addition to growing in the mouth, throat, and anus, gonorrhea bacteria also thrive in the warm, moist regions of the female reproductive system like the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tube.

Incubation Periods

  • Typically, 2 to 14 days after exposure, symptoms appear.

Risk Factors

  • Youthful age
  • A variety of sex
  • A new sexual partner's
  • Gonorrhea history
  • Becoming infected with another STI

Mode of Transmission

  • Having sex with an infected person in close proximity
  • Neonatals who were exposed to a gonococcal infection at birth are susceptible to developing one.

Signs and Symptoms

  • In Men
    • A penis discharge that resembles pus
    • Redness or swelling at the penis's opening.
    • Pain or swelling in the testicles
    • A recurring throatache
  • In Women
    • Fluid coming from the vagina (watery, creamy or slightly green).
    • During urination, there is scorching and agony.
    • Urge to urinate frequently
    • Heavier or more frequent periods.
    • Throat pain
    • Suffering during sex.
    • Sharp abdominal ache.
    • Fever.
    • Vulvitis.

Diagnosis

  • Microscopy and culture.
  • Test for blood and culture.
  • Chain reaction of the polymerase.
  • A swab sample taken from the cervix in women and the urethra in men.
  • Anaal/throat swab to check for infection
  • To detect the presence of bacteria in a urine sample.
  • Screening for gonococcal infection in all females.

Prevention

The most secure method to stop gonorrhea is

  • The proper usage of condoms during sexual activity.
  • Avoiding or restricting the number of sexual partners.
  • Both spouses regularly check in and get tested.
  • Limit your sexual activity with uninfected partners or practice sexual abstinence.
  • If you suspect an STD infection, consult a doctor right once for treatment and assistance.
  • People who are infected are urged to return for follow-up care in medical facilities.
  • Create awareness of safe sex.

Management

  • Persons with a clinical diagnosis or suspicions should be referred for the proper care.
  • Antibiotics
  • Promoting good pelvic hygiene
  • Education for urethral and cervical meatus swab culture tests

 

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