Hip Dysplasia

Subject: Child Health Nursing

Overview

the proximal femur's and/or acetabulum's aberrant growth. It could be linked to further congenital abnormalities. Although the left hip is more frequently impacted, more than 50% of cases include both hips. Eight times more girls are impacted than males. Hip dislocation that is congenital. Asymmetry of the thigh, the existence of gluteal and knee folds, decreased spontaneous movements, shortening of the afflicted legs, an inability to fully abduct the hip, and posterior femoral head bulging are physical findings during a newborn examination or subsequently. The reasons of hip dislocation are either genetic or environmental influences. Management of DDH depends on the child's age and the severity of the issue; it should begin as soon as possible to restore as closely as possible.

Hip Dysplasia

The proximal femur's and/or acetabulum's aberrant growth. It could be linked to further congenital abnormalities. Although the left hip is more frequently impacted, more than 50% of cases involve both hips. Eight times more girls are impacted than boys. Hip dislocation that is congenital.

Etiology

  • Genetic or environmental factors.
  • It may develop breech delivery or difficult deliveries.
  • False acetabulum.

Clinical Manifestations

  • Asymmetry of the thigh, the presence of gluteal and knee folds, decreased spontaneous movements, shortening of the affected legs, an inability to fully abduct the hip, and posterior femoral head bulging are physical findings during a neonatal examination or after.
  • discomfort in a joint
  • Walking awkwardly and lordosis

Diagnostic Evaluation

  • routine physical examination and examination of newborns.
  • development evaluation
  • One of the most crucial techniques for identifying hip instability is the Barlow's test.
  • Holding knees at 90-degree angle of flexion, a backward pressure is applied while adducting hip.
  • X-ray
  • Ultrasonography
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  • Arthrograms

Management

  • Depending on the child's age and the severity of the issue, DDH care should begin as soon as feasible to restore the hip's anatomic alignment as precisely as is humanly possible.
  • A Pavlik harness or an abduction brace can be used to maintain the hip in the flexion-abduction position until it returns to normal, which is typically by the third month of age.
  • Hip dislocations may require traction, closed reduction, and the use of a hip spica cast for three months to keep the reduction.
  • Use of NSAIDS, use of an ambulatory aid, and surgical corrections are necessary.
  • support for the parents' emotions.

Complication

  • Avascular necrosis
  • Loss of range of motion of the affected hip
  • Leg length discrepancy
  • Early osteoarthritis
  • Femoral nerve palsy
Things to remember
  • The proximal femur's and/or acetabulum's aberrant growth.
  • It could be linked to further congenital abnormalities. Although the left hip is more frequently impacted, more than 50% of cases include both hips.
  • Eight times more girls are impacted than males. Hip dislocation that is congenital.
  • Asymmetry of the thigh, the existence of gluteal and knee folds, decreased spontaneous movements, shortening of the afflicted legs, an inability to fully abduct the hip, and posterior femoral head bulging are physical findings during a newborn examination or subsequently.
  • The causes of hip dislocation are either genetic or environmental factors.
  • Depending on the child's age and the severity of the issue, DDH management should begin as soon as possible to restore the hip's anatomic alignment as closely as is humanly possible.
Videos for Hip Dysplasia
Barlow & Ortolani test, Congenital Hip Dislocation-
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Surgical Treatment for Dysplastic Hip
Questions and Answers

The proximal femur's and/or acetabulum's aberrant growth. It could be linked to further congenital abnormalities. Although the left hip is more frequently impacted, more than 50% of cases involve both hips. Eight times more girls are impacted than boys. Congenital dislocation of the hip.

Etiology

  • Genetic or environmental factors.
  • It may develop breech delivery or difficult deliveries.
  • False acetabulum.

Clinical Manifestations

  • Asymmetry of the thigh, the presence of gluteal and knee folds, decreased spontaneous movements, shortening of the affected legs, an inability to fully abduct the hip, and posterior femoral head bulging are physical findings that can be seen during a neonatal examination or later.
  • Discomfort in a joint.
  • Walking awkwardly and lordosis.

Diagnostic Evaluation

  • Routine neonatal examination and physical examination.
  • Development assessment.
  • The Barlow’s text is a most important maneuver to detect hip instability.
  • Holding knees at 90-degree angle of flexion, a backward pressure is applied while adducting hip.
  • X-ray.
  • Ultrasonography.
  • CT scan.
  • MRI.
  • Arthrograms.

Management

  • Depending on the child's age and the severity of the issue, DDH care should begin as soon as feasible to restore the hip's anatomic alignment as precisely as is humanly possible.
  • A Pavlik harness or an abduction brace can be used to maintain the hip in the flexion-abduction position until it returns to normal, which is typically by the third month of age.
  • Hip dislocations may require traction, closed reduction, and the use of a hip spica cast for three months to keep the reduction.
  • Use the NSAIDS ambulation device and have any necessary surgical corrections.
  • support for the parents' emotions.

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