Endangered Plants and Animals in Nepal

Due to climate change and other factors, a wide variety of living forms on Earth are becoming extinct. Some animals have grown incontinent, and the overall number of animals is declining.Organisms are those that are on the verge of extinction and may be found around our nation in a variety of locations.Biodiversity is essential to all flora's and rare creatures' existence.

Animal existence has declined throughout the course of contemporary civilization due to human activity and changes in nature. A great number of plants and animals might go extinct. The following are the primary causes of this:

• The negative effects of weather and climate change have an impact on the distribution patterns of plants and animals.
• Their population is declining as a result of the unchecked exploitation of biological resources.
• The unresearched cultivation of new plant species has harmed the native plant species.
• The introduction of new animal species into an area without a study has resulted in the eradication of local wildlife.
• There is a rise in environmental contamination.

Conservation Measures For Endangered and Rare Plants

There are many different kinds of plants in our nation. A few of the significant plants that have been in decline include Jatamasi, Champ, Sarpagandha, Panch aule, Lauth Salla, etc. Although humans use these plants for a variety of functions, they are quickly going extinct since their status is not taken into consideration when using them.

Thus, it is imperative that these plants be protected. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to safeguard them. For the purpose of protecting wild animals and plants, the Nepalese government has put into effect the "Control of International Trade of Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora Act, 2073". This legislation contains a number of regulations pertaining to the sale, distribution, and regulated reproduction of endangered wild animals and plants. The following are some conservation strategies to preserve uncommon plants:

• Conservation of natural habitat
  Natural wildlife habitats are lost or destroyed as a result of forest fires, the gathering of firewood, grasses, and leaves for fodder, and the expansion of grazing land. These actions need to be under supervision. It is possible to preserve rare plants by safeguarding their native environment. People should put an end to livestock grazing haphazardly in forested areas. Furthermore, these locations must be recognized and preserved.
   
• Conservation of rare and endangered plants 
  Different kinds of plants provide a variety of raw materials needed to run various businesses and companies. It is important to consider the existence and preservation of valuable plants when gathering such raw resources. They shouldn't be destroyed in a way that makes it impossible to make them again. Controlling their smuggling and theft is necessary.
   
• Increasing the production of saplings through modern methods to expand the number of rare plants
  It is important to gather and cultivate rare plant seed in a nursery in order to increase the quantity of unusual plants. It is also possible to use contemporary methods like tissue culture to generate a large number of seedlings at once. Following that, it is possible to widely cultivate uncommon and beneficial species for afforestation.
   
• Formulation and implementation of appropriate laws
  Laws and regulations should be developed to protect plants that are close to becoming extinct or at risk of going extinct. The public should be informed about these laws and they should be properly enforced.
   
• Medicinal use and conservation of rare plants
  The majority of uncommon plants have therapeutic uses, which the public has to be made aware of. Programs to raise public awareness of endangered flora should be arranged locally. To safeguard rare plants, locals, communities, and organizations should be enlisted.

Measures of Conservation of Wildlife

Fauna is becoming rare, endangered, and extinct as a result of several natural and human-caused factors. Numerous species of animals face the risk of going extinct because of factors such as shifting ecosystems, habitat degradation, negative environmental consequences, poaching, and illicit trafficking. The government has put the "Control of International Trade of Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora Act, 2073" into effect to stop the unlawful hunting and trading of animals. The following are steps being taken to conserve uncommon fauna:

• Study and research
  To preserve uncommon animals and birds, a great deal of investigation and study must be done to determine the precise state of the environment and ecosystem.
   
• Conservation of natural habitat
  Every species, including birds, thrives in its native environment. For the purpose of preserving rare plants and animals, the natural habitat, including forests, streams, watersheds, pasture areas, etc., should be preserved.
   
• Strict prohibition of poaching of conserved wildlife
  Illegal hunting and trading of wildlife is the primary cause of the extinction of many species. For this reason, it is important to properly enforce the regulations designed to prohibit and manage the hunting of rare and endangered animals and birds.
   
• Managing ex-situ conservation of rare wildlife
  By providing an appropriate habitat in the ex-situ conservation area and housing them in aquariums, botanical gardens, zoos, and other comparable settings, the number of rare animals and birds can be enhanced.
   
• Provision of laws and their effective implementation
  It is important to properly enforce the laws and regulations designed to protect wild animals and birds. As a result, unlawful activity will be curbed and endangered species can be preserved.
   
• Promoting public awareness
  Various public education campaigns are required to raise public awareness of the value of rare animals and birds, the causes of their population decline, the need to adopt conservation measures and the benefits of doing so, the involvement of the local community, and public responsibility.

Protected Animals and Birds

In addition, the following animals and birds are protected in our country: 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, and 3 species of reptiles. The list is as follows: