Future of the Universe

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Every other mass experiences a gravitational attraction, and they all gravitationally attract one another, according to Newton's universal law of gravity. The strength of such force is inversely related to the square of the distance between their centers and directly proportional to the product of their masses. It follows that the overall mass of the cosmos and its volume affect the net gravitational pull on every celestial body. The net strength of the gravitational pull is dependent on the universe's average density, as density is defined as the ratio of mass to volume. The critical density is the average universe density needed to stop the universe from expanding, which might happen after billions of years.

As discussed previously, the universe is expanding, and all galaxies are moving away from one another at a specific speed. However, because of the gravitational pull of the universe's masses, the speed of all galaxies is decreasing. The gravitational pull of gravity weakens as the space between the bodies grows. It is still unclear whether the velocity will reach zero before the gravitational effect, the effect will reach zero before the velocity, or both will reach zero simultaneously. This determines how the universe will develop.

Types of Universe

According to the structure of the graphs, open, flat, and closed universes are given those names. Gravity is the primary component that dictates the course of the cosmos. The size, mass, and density of the cosmos all affect how much gravity there is. Based on the masses observed in space, an estimate of the universe's density is made.

1. Open Universe
Celestial bodies will continue to move apart indefinitely if they maintain some velocity after gravity zeroes out, and the cosmos will continue to expand in size. We call this condition an open universe. If the universe's average density falls below the critical density, gravity cannot stop the expanding process, and the universe's current rate of expansion will continue indefinitely.

2. Flat Universe
Celestial bodies will continue to travel away from one another indefinitely if they maintain some velocity after gravity zeroes out, which would result in an expansion of the universe's size. This circumstance is seen as being open-ended. Because gravity cannot stop the expanding process if the universe's average density is below the critical density, the universe's current rate of expansion will continue indefinitely.

3. Closed Universe
The celestial bodies will begin to converge, and the cosmos will reach a single point if the gravitational influence is still present when the speed of the heavenly bodies is zero. The Big Crunch is a phenomenon that occurs when the huge cosmos, which is filled with limitless mass and energy, eventually contracts and collapses. If this happens, the universe that resulted from the explosion of a single point would eventually become a point and explode once more to create a new universe similar to the one we currently inhabit. This implies that the cosmos has a definite age and a life cycle, exactly like the life cycle of a star. The Big Bang and the Big Crunch must continue to emerge one after the other for the universe to continue to exist. It is called a closed universe.