Study of the Universe

Have you ever wondered how the cosmos came to be? What kind of shape does the universe take?

Scientists have conducted several studies on it at various times concerning comparable questions. The field of study known as "universe science" focuses on learning more about the past, present, and future of the universe. Astrophysics, one of its subfields, investigates the beginning, nature, and future of the cosmos.

Big Bang Theory

Our solar system is located around 30,000 light years away from the Milky Way galaxy, a spiral galaxy with a diameter of 100,000 light years. According to mathematical calculations, this galaxy alone has 1.5 billion stars. The Big Bang idea is seen to be the most trustworthy of the many origins of the universe hypotheses that have been put forth. However, this hypothesis is said to have originated from the fact that all galaxies, including the Milky Way, are traveling very quickly and far apart from one another. Following this hypothesis, the enormous atomic explosion that gave rise to the cosmos is said to have occurred. Before the explosion, it was thought that the four fundamental forces of the universe—gravitation, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force—had coalesced into one single force. The cosmos is therefore thought to have been very compressed at the earliest stage of existence. The cosmos was thought to have been the size of a minuscule single atom and incredibly active at that time. According to the Big Bang hypothesis, the universe was created when an enormous burst of atoms occurred as a result of excessive force and pressure. The genesis of every celestial body in the cosmos is said to have come from this explosion.

All of the heavenly bodies are traveling far apart from one another following the massive explosion of that dense atom, just as particles disperse and move away from one another after an explosive explosion. Therefore, the universe is getting bigger by the day. It continues to grow slowly but steadily. But because of gravity, these bodies' pace is slowing down.

Hubble's Study

It has been found that the galaxies in outer space are drifting apart. Using the Mount Wilson 100-inch Hooker telescope, American astronomer Edwin Hubble attempted to determine the velocities of several galaxies in 1929 BC. He found out throughout his investigation that every galaxy in Hubble's connection between galaxies is advancing away from other galaxies of similar velocity and distance. According to his calculation, heavenly bodies look smaller the further they are from the earth. Additionally, they move at a higher velocity.

Then he illustrated the link between the velocities of the constellations and their distances by plotting their velocities against their distances on a graph. The equation 'v = Hd' serves as a representation of Hubble's law. Here, 'v' denotes the speed at which galaxies are separating from one another; d denotes their separation; and H denotes Hubble's constant. 73 km/s/Mpc [kilometer per second per mega parsec] is the value for this constant. This indicates that any two galaxies at a distance of one megaparsec are moving apart from one another at a speed of 73 km/s.

The velocity at which any two galaxies are moving apart may be calculated by taking the distance between them in milliseconds and multiplying it by Hubble's constant. We learned that the galaxies are traveling extremely far away, very fast, as a result of our computation. The Hubble equation also reveals that galaxies separate more quickly the further apart they are.

This suggests that the cosmos is expanding, just as every dot separates as the size of the air-filled balloon increases. The universe's constellations are drifting apart from one another. Consequently, it is reasonable to believe that they were once near one another, which implies that they were all at the same location a very long time ago. As a result, Hubble's research supports the Big Bang idea.