Surgery

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

To gain access to the surgical site, an incision is made. To stop bleeding, blood vessels can be clipped or cauterized, and a retractor can be used to expose the wound or keep the incision open. By risk, there are two types of surgery: major and minor. Types of surgery by need, choice, emergency, preparation, choice, etc. In order to teach and retrain the individual to the highest level of functional integrity, rehabilitation therapy combines and coordinates the use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures. The nurse's responsibilities in rehabilitation include giving assistance, upholding moral character, fostering stability, avoiding secondary disabilities, and monitoring progress, among other things.

To gain access to the surgical site, an incision is made. To stop bleeding, blood vessels can be clipped or cauterized, and a retractor can be used to expose the wound or keep the incision open.

As in abdominal surgery, where the incision must cross skin, subcutaneous tissue, three layers of muscles, and then the peritoneum, the approach to the surgical site may involve several layers of incision and dissection.

Types of Surgery

Types of Surgery by Risk

Minor surgery
Typically, this doesn't last long and only causes a few major issues with a low risk. The recuperation period will be brief and the incision will be smaller.
Major surgery
To reach the surgical site, a big incision is necessary. This expensive, protracted surgery carries a considerable risk. A significant amount of blood is lost. It is possible to handle or remove some critical organs. The possibility of complications is very high.

Types of Surgery by Urgency

Elective surgery
Surgery of this kind is not actually required for survival. There won't be any negative effects if the surgery is delayed or skipped. Depending on the surgeon's and the operating room's availability, the patient may request this.
Emergency
To preserve a life or limb, the surgery is completed right away.
Imperative
To prevent permanent disability or death, this is completed within 24 to 48 hours.
Planned
Surgery of this kind is required for health reasons, but it may not be scheduled for several weeks or months.
Optional
Done at the client's request, typically for aesthetic reasons.

Rehabilitation Therapy

In order to train and retrain the individual to the highest level of functional integrity, rehabilitation therapy combines and coordinates the use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures.

Goals of Rehabilitation

To reinstate potential performance.
To make the most of current abilities.
In order to stop deterioration.

Role of Nurse

Providing Support
- Help disables person to achieve the goal of independency.
- Help a patient to express their problems and feeling.
- After passing all stages of adjustment, a nurse makes a suggestion and help for coping.
Maintaining Integrity
- How well the patient handles his social role will determine how successfully he can transition back into his prior life.
- What's left
- How much capability was shed
- Instead of condemning the patient, encourage and compliment them.
Preventing secondary disability
- A rehabilitation program should be designed to prevent such secondary disabilities.
- To assist the patient and keep him from developing another secondary disability, encourage, motivate, and provide the necessary counseling and education.
Promoting equilibrium
- Promoting equilibrium refers to keeping a patient's condition stable. It entails establishing objectives to both maintain and improve the patient's condition.
Evaluating progress
- You must assess whether every goal you set for a patient was accomplished.

If none of your goals are accomplished, determine why not and try to come up with fresh strategies. After each stage, the patient should be complimented. Avoid being discouraged because it can result in unrealistic goals.

References

Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013
www.slideshare.net/eastzonemedicolegal/preoperative-care-65431234
surgery.askdefine.com/
www.revolvy.com/topic/Surgery&item_type=topic
sciencestage.com/science_academic_presentations.php?k=Surgical-incision

Things to remember

To gain access to the surgical site, an incision is made.
Several layers of incision and dissection may be used to approach the operative site.
This sort of surgery is planned, important for the patient's health, but it could be arranged in the next several weeks or months.
To restore potential function, rehabilitation therapy combines and coordinates the use of medical, social, educational, and vocational interventions.
When assessing a patient's progress, you must also determine whether or not all of the goals you set for them were met.

Questions and Answers

Define surgery. Explain about its types.

To gain access to the surgical site, an incision is made. To stop bleeding, blood vessels can be clipped or cauterized, and a retractor can be used to expose the wound or keep the incision open. As in abdominal surgery, where the incision must cross skin, subcutaneous tissue, three layers of muscles, and then the peritoneum, the approach to the surgical site may involve several layers of incision and dissection.

Types of surgery by risk:

Minor surgery: Typically, this doesn't last long and only causes a few serious complications with a low risk. The recovery period will be brief and the incision will be smaller.
Major surgery: To reach the surgical site, a big incision is necessary. This expensive, protracted surgery carries a considerable risk. A significant amount of blood is lost. It is possible to handle or remove some vital organs. The possibility of complications is very high.

Types of surgery by urgency:

Elective surgery: Surgery of this kind is not actually required for survival. There won't be any negative effects if the surgery is delayed or skipped. Depending on the surgeon's and the operating room's availability, this is done at the patient's request.
Emergency: To preserve a life or limb, the surgery is completed right away.
Imperative: To prevent permanent disability or death, this is completed within 24 to 48 hours.
Planned: Surgery of this kind is required for health reasons, although it may not be planned for several weeks or months.
Optional: Usually performed at the client's request for aesthetic reasons.

Rehabilitation therapy

Goals of rehabilitation:

To reinstate potential performance.
To make the most of current abilities.
In order to stop degeneration.

Explain the role of nurse to the patient undergoes surgery.

Role of nurse:

Providing support:
- Assist a disabled person in achieving independence.
- Assist a patient in communicating their issues and emotions.
- After completing all stages of adjustment, the nurse offers advice and offers assistance with coping.
Maintaining integrity:
- How effectively the patient can reintegrate into their prior life is dependent upon;
- His social role coping skills.
- What is left
- What degree of talent was lost
- Instead of condemning the patient, encourage and compliment them.
Preventing secondary disability:
- A rehabilitation program should be designed to prevent such secondary disabilities.
- To aid the patient and keep him from developing another secondary impairment, encourage, motivate, and provide the required counseling and education.
Promoting equilibrium:
- To maintain a patient's state is to promote balance. It entails establishing objectives to both maintain and improve the patient's condition.
Evaluating progress:
- You must assess if each goal you established for a patient was accomplished or not.
- If none of your goals are accomplished, determine why not and try to come up with fresh strategies. After each stage, the patient should be complimented. Avoid being discouraged as it can result in unrealistic ambitions.