Pyelonephritis

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

Pyelonephritis, which can affect one or both kidneys, is an infection of the renal pelvis, renal parenchyma (tubules), and the interstitial. Upward spread of bacteria from the bladder or spread from systemic sources reaching the kidney via the blood stream, Its causes include pregnancy, urinary tract obstruction, and others. There are two categories: acute and chronic. It involves signs such as frequent and urgent urination, leukocytosis, nausea, vomiting, headache, and painful urination. It can be diagnosed using IVP and USG. Antibiotic therapy, analgesics for pain, antipyretics for fever, and other treatments are used to treat it. Check the amount, color, consistency, and specific gravity of your urine. Assess the patient's nutritional state and oversee a healthy diet. Create a plan for the patient's home care, preventative measures, follow-up visits, etc.

It is an infection caused by bacteria that affects the renal pelvis, renal parenchyma (tubules), and interstitial of one or both kidneys.

Causes

  • Bacteria from the bladder moving upstream or germs from external sources getting into the kidney through the bloodstream.
  • Obstruction in the urinary tract
  • Trauma or injury to kidney
  • Bacterial infection
  • Pregnancy

Types

  • Acute pyelonephritis
  • Chronic pyelonephritis

Signs and symptoms

  • Back pain, joint pain
  • Nausea, vomiting, headache, painful urination
  • Bacteriuria and pyuria
  • Leukocytosis
  • Frequency and urgency of micturition.

Diagnosis

  • Urine routine examination and culture sensitivity test
  • Blood test for CBC
  • IVP
  • USG

Treatment

  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Analgesics for pain
  • Antipyretics for fever
  • Increased fluid intake
  • Urine alkalizer
  • Rest

Nursing management

  • Rest and comfort the sufferer.
  • Fluids, antipyretics, and cold sponging.
  • Timely prescription drug administration.
  • Offer psychiatric assistance.
  • Instruct the patient to drink 2-3 l more fluids per day. Teach the patient about personal hygiene.
  • Early stage management of cystitis and UTI.
  • Check the amount, color, consistency, and specific gravity of your urine.
  • Assess the patient's nutritional state and administer a healthy diet.
  • Track adverse effects of medications.
  • Plan home care, preventive measures follow up visits etc and discuss them with patient.

References

  • emedicine.medscape.com/article/245559-overview
  • healthline.com › Reference Library
  • Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013
  • patient.info/health/kidney-infection-pyelonephritis
  • webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-infections-symptoms-and-treatments
Things to remember

 

  • Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the renal pelvis, renal parenchyma(tubules) and interstitial of one or both kidneys caused by bacteria. 
  • Upward spread of bacteria from the bladder or spread from systemic sources reaching the kidney via the blood stream 
  • Frequency and urgency of micturition, symptoms. 
  • Urine routine examination and culture sensitivity test 
  • Cold sponging, antipyretics and fluids 
  • Treatment of cystitis and UTI in early phase 
  • Monitor side effect of medicines 
Questions and Answers

Pyelonephritis

It is an infection caused by bacteria that affects the renal pelvis, renal parenchyma (tubules), and interstitial of one or both kidneys.

Nursing Management

  • Give the sufferer comfort and time to rest.
  • Fluids, antipyretics, and cold sponging.
  • The timely administration of prescribed medication.
  • Give psychiatric assistance.
  • Give the patient instructions to drink 2-3 l more fluids every day.
  • Teach good hygiene practices.
  • Early treatment for UTI and cystitis.
  • Check the volume, color, consistency, and specific gravity of your urine.
  • Assess the patient's nutritional state and oversee a healthy diet.
  • Watch for drug adverse effects.

Plan preventative measures and home care follow-up appointments, etc., and go over them with the patient

Nursing Management

  • Give the sufferer comfort and time to rest.
  • Fluids, antipyretics, and cold sponging.
  • The timely administration of prescribed medication.
  • Give psychiatric assistance.
  • Give the patient instructions to drink 2-3 l more fluids every day.
  • Teach good hygiene practices.
  • Early treatment for UTI and cystitis.
  • Check the volume, color, consistency, and specific gravity of your urine.
  • Assess the patient's nutritional status and oversee a healthy diet.
  • Watch for drug side effects.

Plan preventative steps and home care follow-up appointments, etc., and go through them with the patient

Pyelonephritis

It is an infection caused by bacteria that affects the renal pelvis, renal parenchyma (tubules), and interstitial of one or both kidneys.

Causes

  • Bacteria from the bladder moving upstream or germs from external sources getting into the kidney through the bloodstream
  • Obstacle in the urinary system
  • Renal trauma or injury
  • Infection with bacteria
  • Pregnancy

Types

  • Pyelonephritis acute
  • Persistent pyelonephritis

Signs and Symptoms

  • Joint and back discomfort
  • Headache, nausea, vomiting, and painful urine
  • Pyouria and bacteriuria
  • Leukocytosis
  • Intensity and regularity of micturition

Diagnosis

  • Regular evaluation of the urine and a culture sensitivity test.
  • CBC, IVP, and USG blood tests

Treatment

  • Antibiotic treatment
  • Drugs that relieve discomfort
  • Fever-reducing antipyretics
  • Increased hydration
  • Rest
  • Urinary alkalizer

Nursing Management

  • Rest and comfort the sufferer.
  • Fluids, antipyretics, and cold sponging
  • Timely prescription drug administration
  • Offer psychiatric assistance
  • Instruct the patient to drink 2-3 l more fluids per day. Teach the patient about personal hygiene.
  • Early stage management of cystitis and UTI
  • Check the volume, color, consistency, and specific gravity of your urine.
  • Assess the patient's nutritional state and administer a healthy diet.
  • Track adverse effects of medications

Plan preventative measures and home care follow-up appointments, etc., and go over them with the patient

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