Parotitis

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

An infection of the parotid glands is known as parotitis. It is the most prevalent salivary gland inflammation disorder brought on by specific medications (such as diuretic and anticholinergic medication). Its clinical characteristics include headache, fever, and pain in one or both parotid glands. Staphylococcus, poor oral intake, and other factors are its causes. Surgery, topical treatments, and symptomatic management are among options for managing it.

The largest salivary gland with an oral cavity opening is the parotid gland. An infection of the parotid glands is known as parotitis. It is the most prevalent salivary gland inflammation disorder brought on by specific medications (such as diuretic and anticholinergic medication).

Pathophysiology

Small exocrine glands known as parotids hardly ever draw attention to themselves. Perfect performance is expected throughout life. The only symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction are essentially dry mouth, drooling, swelling, and pain.

In order to irrigate and saturate a food bolus with saliva during chewing, the main salivary glands and their ducts are placed strategically on either side of the dental occlusal planes. During chewing, the parotid gland is in contact with the mandibular ramus and masticatory muscles, which massage the gland. The glands inject the proper amount and quality of saliva into the oral cavity as a result of mechanical pressure and the parasympathetic nervous system's analysis of a variety of sensory inputs. In order to help the large glands in moisturizing, lubricating, and protecting the teeth and mucosa, minor salivary glands are dispersed throughout the oral cavity and pharynx. Bacteria from the mouth are prevented from ascending the duct and infecting the tissue by the normal flow of saliva through it.

Clinical features:

Pain and swelling in either one or both the parotid gland.
Fever and headache.
Dysphagia.
Earache.

Causes/etiology:

Staphylococcus
Affects children 5-15 years
Decreased salivary flow due to dehydration, in elderly Medication
Lack of oral intake.

Management:

Symptomatic treatment
Topical therapy
Surgery

Nursing management:

Routine oral care.
Maintain the patient's fluid intake.
Observe the vital signs.
Avoid eating foods that are acidic when eating soft foods gradually increasing amounts.
Give a food tube or liquid diet.
Give the drink slowly but frequently.
Family therapy.
The oral is attended to.

Prevention:

Vaccination

References

documents.mx › Documents
health-care-articles.info/diseases/parotitis.htm
misc.medscape.com/pi/android/medscapeapp/html/A882461-business.html
scribd.com/document/133500090/Background-Parotitis
scribd.com/document/133500090/Background-Parotitis

Things to remember

Parotitis is an inflammation of the parotid glands.
The parotid glands are small exocrine glands that rarely call attention to themselves.
Dry mouth, drooling, swelling, and pain is essentially the only symptoms caused by dysfunction of the salivary glands.
Decreased salivary flow due to dehydration, in elderly Medication
Advice for soft foods little by little and little extra, avoid acidic foods.
Prevention through vaccination

Questions and Answers

Define parotitis.

List out the causes and symptoms of parotitis.

Clinical Features:

Pain and swelling in either one or both the parotid gland,
Fever and headache,
Dysphagia,
Earache.

Causes / Etiology:

Staphylococcus,
Affects children 5-15 years,
Decreased salivary flow due to dehydration, in elderly Medication,
Lack of oral intake.

Describe in brief about parotitis.

Parotitis

Pathophysiology

Small exocrine glands known as parotids seldom ever draw attention to themselves. Perfect performance is expected throughout life. The sole signs of salivary gland malfunction are essentially dry mouth, drooling, puffiness, and discomfort.

In order to irrigate and saturate a food bolus with saliva during chewing, the main salivary glands and their ducts are placed strategically on each side of the dental occlusal planes. During chewing, the parotid gland is in contact with the mandibular ramus and masticatory muscles, which massage the gland.

The mechanical squeezing and the parasympathetic nervous system, which analyzes a number of sensory inputs, cause the glands to inject an appropriate quantity and quality of saliva into the oral cavity. Minor salivary glands are scattered throughout the oral cavity and pharynx to assist the major glands in moistening, lubricating, and protecting the teeth and mucosa. The normal flow of saliva though the duct prevents oral bacteria from ascending the duct to cause infection.